Essentially it works like in real life. Rock > Scissors, Scissors > Paper, Paper > Rock.
Damage:
For unit type, the one that beats the other gains additional 33% dmg. (i.e. Rock does 33% more dmg to scissor)
But here's something else, for the vice versa, dmg is reduced by 33%. (i.e. Scissors dealt 33% less dmg to rock)
Boost(time):
In terms of vertical boost, it is as followed. Paper > Scissor > Rock
In terms of horizontal boost, it is as followed. Rock > Scissor > Paper
Just to clear some things up. Data just good to have and the numbers are accurate.